Kazakhstan, Geopolitical Change, Belt and Road Initiative Abstract: Significant changes in the international political economy occurred in the first quarter of the 21st century. The share of Western economies in global output declined and East Asia emerged as a production base. As a result, the balance of power between states began to shift, with a transfer of power from the core countries to China in particular. For some time now, China has gone beyond being the manufacturing base of the world and has come to the fore in terms of foreign direct investment. China is a global power that is not only seeking new markets for its surplus capital but also exporting its technological advantages and the standards it has developed. The Belt and Road Initiative, launched in 2013 and now entering its second decade, is the culmination of these efforts. The aim of this study is to examine the major investments and other financial support that Kazakhstan, which is geographically and economically unique among the Central Asian countries, has received as part of the Belt and Road Initiative. The paper also aims to assess the constraints Kazakhstan faces in the context of the revised Belt and Road Initiative in its second decade.
China, Kazakhstan, Belt and Road, foreign direct investments, financial aid